Health risk assessment of chlorpyrifos inhalation exposure among chilli-growing farmers in Na-Krasaeng Sub-District,Det Udom District,Ubon Ratchathani Province,Thailand

The paper reports a health risk assessment of pesticide exposure among chilli-growing farmers living in Na-Krasaeng Sub-District, Det Udom District, Ubon Ratchathani Province, Thailand. Personal air samples were collected from 46 participants spraying pesticide. These samples were analysed to investigate the farmers’ exposure by inhalation of the organophosphate, chlorpyrifos, which is the predominant pesticide used in the study area. The potential health risk of the farmers through inhalation was estimated by calculating the Hazard Quotient (HQ). The results showed that chlorpyrifos concentrations in inhaled air samples from the farmers ranged from less than the limit of detection, <LOD, to 0.041 mg/m3 with an average of 0.0072 mg/m3. Average daily doses (ADD) of exposure were calculated to be in the range 0–0.007 mg/kg/day with a mean value of 0.0014 mg/kg/day. The estimated risk quotient was 0 to 2.35 and the mean value was 0.84. Accordingly, the chilli-growing farmers were not considered to be a population at risk (mean value of HQ ≤ 1). But, the estimated risk of 17.38% of the study population was higher than the acceptable level (HQ > 1). This indicated that some participants were considered as an individual risk which should be of concern.     

Sustainable disassembly line balancing model based on triple bottom line

End of life (EOL) phase of a product is receiving more attention due to increase in environmental concerns, and many studies have been conducted for value creation in EOL, focusing on concepts as remanufacturing, reuse and recycling in sustainable production manner. This study especially focuses on one of global problem, e-waste. To minimise the amount of wastes and maximise recovered materials from EOL, disassembly is one of the most important concept, associated with reuse, and balancing disassembly line in an optimal way is essential for organisations. In disassembly line balancing (DLB), not only precedence of tasks, but also risk criteria related to environment and human safety should be considered for sustainability. The aim of this study is to propose a model based on triple bottom line (TBL) dimensions, i.e. human safety, environmental safety and business criteria. To achieve sustainability in DLB, and for risk assessment in sustainable DLB, it had been decided to use a multi-criteria method, i.e. TODIM, acronym in Portuguese of ‘Tomada de Decisão Iterativa Multicritério’. The proposed model included 22 disassembly criteria categorised under TBL dimensions, which are derived from the literature. Implementation of the study was conducted for computer disassembly processes, and as a result of the study approximately 12% an improvement in cycle time was succeeded. In the long run, the integration of sustainability in disassembly operations may contribute to the competitive advantage of the company in terms of differentiation and corporate image by achieving business, environment and human targets simultaneously.     

长江经济带城市生态效率演变及驱动因素分析

城市生态文明建设依托于生态效率的改善，基于2005—2016年长江经济带107座城市面板数据，采用超效率SBM（slacks-based measure)模型测算生态效率，并结合探索性空间分析与空间马尔科夫链等探讨生态效率时空演化格局的内在规律， 实证分析生态效率驱动因素的影响效果。研究表明：2005—2016年经济带生态效率总体呈平稳态势，上、中、下游呈现“阶梯型”分布，下游依次优于中游和上游地区，部分地区生态效率呈“两级型”分化趋势；城市间生态效率发展存在空间联动效应，与生态效率高的城市为邻，其正向溢出作用促进城市状态向高水平跃迁，而与生态效率低的城市为邻，其负向作用拉动城市状态向低水平发展；人口规模与产业升级对经济带不同流域具有异质性作用，其提升下游生态效率而抑制中游和上游生态效率，产业升级与生态效率存在“U”型关联，意味着产业升级在短期内并不能使生态效率状态改善，而经济发展有利于促进生态效率向高水平状态演变。     

压水堆堆芯损伤评价系统研究与开发

堆芯损伤评价是反应堆事故后应急评价的重要组成部分。本文在国外文献基础上,结合国内的运行经验,对压水堆堆芯损伤评价进行研究,并开发了相应的软件程序。堆芯损伤评价包括基于堆芯裸露时间、在线监测仪表读数和取样分析数据三种方法。考虑应急实时要求、电厂实际情况与国际经验,本文采用了基于在线监测仪表读数的评价方法,该方法主要是基于堆芯热电偶读数与安全壳辐射监测仪表读数进行评价,其他监测仪表读数进行辅助合理性证实。     

第七届世界军人运动会核与辐射风险评估与控制

武汉市涉核单位众多,存在一定的核与辐射事故风险。通过对武汉市举办第七届世界军人运动会可能存在的核与辐射风险因素进行识别及评价,确定可能发生的12类核与辐射事故类型及风险水平,进而有针对性的制定风险防控措施,做到辐射应急管理关口前移,在保证军运会期间核技术利用单位正常生产活动的基础上有效的保障了核与辐射安全。     

陕北沙漠区浅埋厚煤层开采潜水位及生态响应

煤炭开采造成上覆岩层破裂、移动，破坏了矿区含（隔）水层结构，改变了地表水及地下水循环演化状态，对浅表层生态环境造成严重影响，引发一系列环境地质问题。为深入研究沙漠地区厚煤层开采给潜水位及生态环境造成的影响，以毛乌素沙漠金鸡滩矿为例，对水文地质条件进行了研究，采用数值模拟的方法，模拟了沙漠区厚煤层开采潜水位的变化，并通过采动潜水位监测数据验证了预测结果。调查分析了研究区及周边地表生态环境现状，预测采后潜水位基本满足植物生长需求，对生态环境影响不大。     

Recent activities in the field of Nuclear Operational Management and Nuclear Safety Engineering

Recent activities in the field of Nuclear Operational Management and Nuclear Safety Engineering, the studies related to risk analysis methodology, design, and operational management, physical phenomena, and emergency preparedness and nuclear security, have been progressed. Especially, ‘risk analysis methodology’ and ‘design and operational management’ are the main categories of the field, in which more than half of published articles on Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology are related to these categories.     

压水堆核电厂压力容器开盖时刻主冷却剂放射性浓度控制要求研究

压水堆核电厂停堆开盖时刻主冷却剂放射性浓度限值是核电厂的重要设计参数。本文基于停堆开盖后厂内辐射风险来源分析,建立了适用于压水堆核电厂停堆压力容器开盖时刻主冷却剂中的放射性浓度控制值评估方法,并采用欧洲第三代压水堆技术方案(EPR)堆型核电厂的设计参数对建立的方法进行了验证。验证结果表明:基于此方法得出的停堆开盖限值与EPR堆型核电厂原设计较接近。     

基于微气候模拟的武汉居住小区植被降温通风效应研究

在快速城镇化过程中，中国城市边缘区生态安全格局出现了自然生态与人文生态双重破坏的问题，研究基于复合生态平衡、生态空间活化、共建共享共赢的发展目标，提出以自然生态要素识别与敏感度分析、人文生态发展需求分析为基础，以自然与人文生态安全格局分区建构、复合生态空间耦合下的功能化发展指引为核心的城市边缘区生态安全格局重构方法框架，并结合铜陵城市边缘区——东湖地区规划建设展开理论应用与实践探索，为重构城市边缘区生态安全格局提供有益借鉴。     

计算机辅助汉字书写教学技术研究综述

传统的汉字书写教学方法具有一定的局限性，为此人们开始关注计算机辅助的汉字书写教学技术。它主要研究汉字书写规范的智能化、自动化评判方法以及可视化的反馈形式。对近20年来计算机辅助汉字书写教学技术的发展情况进行了综述；详细介绍了数字化展示、书写评判、水平评测等几个研究分支的特点、关键问题以及主要成果；结合相关技术的发展和需求的变化，提出了汉字书写数字化教学技术在未来的发展方向。